Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder that is less well known than conditions such as anorexia or bulimia, but it can be just as impactful on daily life. ARFID is not driven by concerns about body image or weight. Instead, it is characterised by a persistent restriction or avoidance of certain foods, often due to sensory sensitivities, a fear of negative consequences from eating (such as choking or vomiting), or simply a lack of interest in food.

People with ARFID may have a very limited range of “safe foods” and avoid trying new ones. This can make eating in social situations challenging and may lead to anxiety about meals at restaurants, school, work or family gatherings. For children and young people, ARFID can disrupt growth and development. In adults, it can affect energy levels, concentration and overall physical health.

The emotional impact of ARFID is often underestimated. Many individuals describe feeling embarrassed, ashamed or isolated because of their eating habits. Comments from others, even well-meaning ones, can increase self-consciousness and make avoidance stronger. Over time, this can reduce confidence and affect relationships, particularly when food is such a central part of social life.

Physically, ARFID can lead to nutritional deficiencies, low weight and fatigue. Some people may also experience physical sensations during mealtimes, such as nausea, a racing heart or feeling hot and flustered when faced with foods outside their comfort zone. These are not simply “picky eating” behaviours but genuine anxiety responses that the body produces under stress.

Living with ARFID can be exhausting, both for the individual and their family. The good news is that therapy can help. With the right support, people with ARFID can gradually expand the variety of foods they are able to eat, reduce the anxiety connected to meals and regain confidence in their relationship with food. Progress is often slow and gentle, but it is possible.